Structure
Parts of the Constitution
The Constitution is organised into 22 Parts. Each Part groups Articles by subject.
The Union and its Territory
Name, territory, admission and formation of new States, alteration of boundaries.
Citizenship
Constitutional provisions on citizenship at commencement and Parliament's power to regulate.
Fundamental Rights
Justiciable rights guaranteed against the State — equality, freedoms, life & liberty, remedies.
Directive Principles of State Policy
Non-justiciable directives fundamental in governance — social, economic, Gandhian, liberal.
Fundamental Duties
Eleven duties of every citizen inserted by 42nd Amendment (11th added by 86th).
The Union
President, Vice-President, Council of Ministers, Parliament, Supreme Court, CAG.
The States
Governor, State Council of Ministers, State Legislature, High Courts, Subordinate Courts.
States in Part B of the First Schedule (Repealed)
Repealed by the 7th Amendment, 1956, on reorganisation of States.
The Union Territories
Administration of UTs; special status for Delhi and Puducherry.
The Panchayats
Three-tier Panchayats added by 73rd Amendment, 1992.
The Municipalities
Urban local self-government added by 74th Amendment, 1992.
The Co-operative Societies
Democratic functioning of co-operatives added by 97th Amendment, 2011.
The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Fifth & Sixth Schedule administration of tribal areas.
Relations between the Union and the States
Legislative, administrative distribution; inter-State council.
Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
Taxation, GST, Finance Commission, borrowing, property rights (300A).
Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India
Freedom of trade across India with reasonable restrictions.
Services under the Union and the States
All-India Services, UPSC, State PSCs.
Tribunals
Administrative and other tribunals added by 42nd Amendment.
Elections
Election Commission, electoral rolls, bar on interference by courts.
Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes
Reservation for SCs/STs/Anglo-Indians; commissions for SCs, STs, OBCs.
Official Language
Hindi and English; regional languages; 8th Schedule.
Emergency Provisions
National, State (President's Rule) and Financial Emergencies.
Miscellaneous
Protection of President/Governors; publications in Legislatures; interpretation.
Amendment of the Constitution
Procedure for amending the Constitution; basic structure limitation.
Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
Includes Articles 370 & 371 series for special provisions to certain States.
Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals
Formal enactment provisions of the Constitution.